Comprehensive Legal Support for Digital Asset Projects

Digital Lawyers advises centralized exchanges (CEX) and decentralized exchanges (DEX) on how to structure, register, and operate their platforms in a way that is legally defensible and commercially workable. We focus on entity set up, licensing analysis, token classification (utility v. security tokens), Legal Opinions on Utility Tokens, legal support with token listings and ongoing compliance for trading venues that touch crypto assets, stablecoins and Web3 infrastructure.

A centralized exchange, or CEX, is a platform where an operator holds client funds, runs an order book, and executes trades. For centralized exchanges we handle the full legal architecture around the operating company and its licence or registration strategy. That includes deciding where the main entity will sit, whether a holding company is required, how to ring fence high risk functions such as custody, and how to structure board and management responsibilities.

We then align that structure with whichever framework is most relevant. In Europe this may be a MiCA CASP licence. In the Gulf it may be a VARA or ADGM permission. In some jurisdictions there is no formal licence yet, but there are still clear anti money laundering registration requirements and conduct expectations.

In parallel we build the contractual layer. This includes Terms of Service, client onboarding terms, custody terms, order execution policies, listing rules, delisting and suspension procedures, and disclosure around fees and conflicts. The point is to have a CEX that is licensable and bankable, with documents that stand up to diligence by serious investors and regulators.

A decentralized exchange, or DEX, is a protocol or smart contract system that enables users to trade directly from their own wallets without a traditional intermediary. A DEX raises a different set of questions, because the operator may not hold private keys or client funds, but it may still deploy and upgrade smart contracts, run a front end or direct liquidity incentives. These functions can create legal and regulatory risks if they are not properly structured.

Digital Lawyers reviews the DEX architecture, including smart contract control, admin keys, upgrade rights, governance processes and the relationship between the protocol, any core team company and any foundation or DAO. Our role is to help you understand exactly where your platform sits and what that means in the United States, the United Kingdom, the European Union, Singapore, the United Arab Emirates and key offshore jurisdictions.

For each CEX or DEX project we start with a clear regulatory map. We look at whether your structure falls within the concepts of a Virtual Asset Service Provider, or VASP, under traditional anti money laundering regimes, or a Crypto Asset Service Provider, or CASP, under the European Union Markets in Crypto Assets Regulation. For United States touchpoints, we assess whether the business is a Money Services Business, or MSB, under FinCEN rules and whether individual state Money Transmitter Licences, or MTLs, are likely to be required.

In the Gulf region we look at the frameworks of the Dubai Virtual Assets Regulatory Authority, known as VARA, and the Abu Dhabi Global Market Financial Services Regulatory Authority, known as ADGM FSRA. For Asia we work with local counsel to position the structure under the Monetary Authority of Singapore Payment Services Act and related digital payment token rules. The outcome is a jurisdiction comparison that sets out, in plain English, what is required where, what is optional, and where a project should avoid onboarding users due to unnecessary regulatory risk.

Banks, payment providers, institutional investors and business counterparties now expect written Legal Opinions before they will work with a CEX, a DEX front end or a token issuer. Our Solicitors and Attorneys qualified in England and Wales, United States and Singapore are fully equipped to produce such Legal Opinions.

DEX and CEX operators handle several categories of tokens. Each class has its own regulatory consequences. Digital Lawyers defines the token structure consistently across the United States, the European Union, the United Kingdom, Singapore, and any other relevant jurisdiction.

For England and Wales this includes opinions on whether a platform token is a pure utility token and not a security, whether a particular activity is a regulated activity under the Financial Services and Markets Act perimeter and whether the exchange operator is caught by local crypto asset registration rules.

For the United States we analyse the platform and token economics under the Howey Test, which is the United States Supreme Court test for what constitutes an investment contract, and we address federal securities exposure, Money Services Business status and money transmission questions.

For Singapore, Switzerland, Liechtenstein and other specialist jurisdictions we work alongside local counsel and together draft the Legal Opinions in the language that banks, exchanges, auditors and regulators expect.

Regardless of the licence, a serious exchange project needs a real compliance framework. Digital Lawyers drafts and calibrates Anti Money Laundering and Counter Terrorist Financing policies, sets up Know Your Customer and Know Your Business flows, and defines internal reporting lines and escalation processes.

We help you decide when to use full KYC, when to use tiered or risk based onboarding, how to document enhanced due diligence, and how to handle politically exposed persons and sanctioned users. We also align the policy with data protection rules such as GDPR for European users and relevant privacy regimes for other markets.

All of this is written in a way that compliance officers can actually implement, rather than as a theoretical policy created just for a data room.